| Chairmen | : | Morio Shoda | （Tokyo Women's Medical University） |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bruce L. Wilkoff | （Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine） |
Since approval of an excimer laser sheath for lead extraction (LE) at 2008, LE procedure has been accepted as a standard medicine for lead management and as a first-line therapy for CIED infection. Moreover, LE indications for non-infection are increasing according to our experiences. And now, we are faced with unsolved problem: How to extract old endocardial leads with massive calcification and big vegetations, how to extract old left ventricular leads, what is the LE indication of functioning leads and etc. We need to discuss these emerging problems at this moment after 10 years LE in Japan.